* Stealing signs using just your “wits” is fine.
* Signaling those stolen signs, again using just your wits and cleverness…also fine.
* Using technology of any kind to do either is what is cheating.
* Astros used a camera in the outfield giving them a view into the catcher’s signs that no human could possibly have.
* They also used a computer system to relay that information to/near the dugout.
* Then they banged on trashcans. That part isn’t cheating…just obnoxious.
Sign stealing is totally OK. However, like everything in Baseball, there are Rules. If your runner on second base sees a sign and flashes a hand signal to the batter – that’s totally OK. If your use home park infrastructure to signal some ballpark employee to communicate with the batter, that’s illegal. Just like having the pitcher wear an earpiece and sending them pitches via radio – when the Rules say you can’t do it and you do it anyway – that’s cheating.
What you’re describing isn’t necessarily cheating – if I’m on second base and I see the catcher’s hand, I see a fastball get thrown, and I communicate that to my team, we’re welcome to use it. That’s part of the reason that teams also vary signs pretty frequently.
What the Astros did was kick that up a notch: they had outfield cameras positioned to watch the signs, they had team employees off of the field reviewing that footage, and they had people do things like bang loudly on trash cans to update the hitters on what pitch was coming. So they had a much more concerted effort around the sign stealing – rather than just the players and coaches, which would have been perfectly legal.
The rules of a game do not need to have any underlying moral structure. Rules are what they are because that’s what makes the game a game.
There is no law against having 30 people in the outfield of a baseball game. There is a rule in baseball about the number of players that you can have on the field. But there’s no moral underpinning of that rule. The rule “just is”. It exists because without it the game element of a baseball game would be ruined by people cramming the outfield with players thereby almost ensuring that every hit is caught by someone.
The rules of baseball say that it’s no OK to take steps to figure out what the other teams signs are. It’s just not, there’s no moral underpinning why this is the case it’s just that’s the rule because without that rule part of the fun of a game of baseball would be lost.
You would only be wrong if you weren’t playing the game. It is perfectly acceptable for a baserunner, usually a man on 2nd, to steal signs.
What is wrong is when someone not in the game does it. The reason is the home team has access to the stadium, so only they can put up cameras or spotters to catch and relay the signals, give them an advantage the visiting team does not have. It is really no different from putting a bug in the visitor’s bench area and listening in on the manager’s instructions to each batter.
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