Push a two foot pendulum a foot to one side and hold it there.
As you pushed the weight to the side, it moved upwards several inches gaining gravitational potential energy. When you let go, the pendulum swings back and forth converting that potential energy into kinetic energy and back to potential.
In you now make the pendulum 10 foot long and push it one foot to the side, the weight only moves up a fraction of an inch. This means it has less potential energy, which gets converted into less kinetic energy, and an object with less kinetic energy moves slower (if the mass stays the same).
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