Typically it’s a matter of the material’s elasticity. The more elastic it is (that is, the more it tends to bounce back to its original state when deformed, like metals and glass which dont’ like to be deformed) they’ll create more noise (which is just vibrations in the air) as a result of being struck.
Soft plastics, like tupperware, typically have a more muffled sound on impact than say a crystal wine glass, or a metal bowl.
Some materials are so elastic they’ll generate resonating sound just by rubbing them. Search youtube for “aluminum rod sings” for an example of this.
https://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia_of_music/C/C.html
On an 88 key piano, middle C has a frequency of 261.621Hz (cycles per second) based on a reference frequency 440Hz for the A above middle C.
From C4 to C5 it is double the frequency, from C4 to C3 it’s half the frequency. There is a pic in the link above.
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ELI5: Basically, I would imagine some objects sound louder than others depending on how many times the sound waves are able to bounce off a certain material (glass, plastic, etc).
How this is determined I have no idea how. I’m actually just guessing.
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According to this link: https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/notefreqs.html
Speed of Sound = 345 m/s = 1130 ft/s = 770 miles/hr
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