The inflatable life vests that I’ve used have tiny compressed CO2 canisters that are waiting for sharp pins to puncture them. A mechanism using a water-soluble tablet holds the pin from striking the canister (and releasing the gas) until the mechanism is submerged in water.
Similarly, the life rafts on my ship also use compressed gas cylinders for inflation. The seal on the cylinder is broken when the connected painter line is pulled, or the painter line is connected to a spring-loaded puncture mechanism that breaks the seal when the line is pulled.
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