what are those “bands’ you see on some radios(there are normally ten)
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The bands are groups of frequencies. Frequencies are assigned for different purposes by international agreement. “AM” and “FM” (and “TV”) are shorthand names for several of those groups, but shortwave radios and some older commercial radio show more of the bands (there are more than ten). Some of the signals you hear might be aircraft communications, police (sometimes encrypted now), military (same), amateur operators (‘Hams’), and many national broadcasters from around the world (BBC, Deusche Welle, RTF, etc). Playing around with the dials on those radios can be fun, and open up the world, but it can be frustrating, since you sometimes need a map to find anything specific. These ‘maps’ exist. Plus, a lot of this content is now available via the WWW.
This Wikipedia page goes into detail about the assignments and uses: [Radio Frequency Spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum)
Those are different short-wave radio lengths the radio can tune to. Typically a radio will have AM and FM, but some can also tune in short wave frequencies as well.
Do you have a picture or something a little more specific?
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