Our eyes react to whatever photons hit the rods and cones.
The light may be reflected ( as from a surface), or direct from a source ( the sun, lightbulb, TV)
When the photons hit a rod or cone on our retina, it causes a chemical reaction, triggering a nerve impulse to our brain. Our brain then interprets that impulse, deciphering the torrent of impulses to “show” us our surroundings.
The eye is lined with sense cells. There are several different types, that are sensitive to different kinds of light. When the light entering the eye falls onto a cell sensitive to that kind of light, it sends a signal to the brain that says “light hit me”. It doesn’t matter if the light is directly from the light source or reflected from some other object. Each cell just says when it gets hit.
The brain’s hardware understands that if the cells on the left that are sensitive to red are signalling then there must be something red on the left side.
Our retinas have special cells on them that are sensitive to light (of different wavelengths). When light enters the eye, the lens focuses it on the retina, and the cells that get hit with the specific wavelength of light they are sensitive to send a signal to your brain that says “I saw light”. The brain then assembles all of those signals into a coherent “picture” that you eyes see.
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