The bottle itself is polycarbonate (the newer ones are Tritan, I think.) That bottle material is pretty rigid, while also being tough and crack-resistant.
The lids are polyethylene, and have an internal lip on the top of the inside. That internal lip on the cap fits inside the lip of the bottle itself. The cap-lip is tapered and slightly smaller than the lip of the bottle; when the cap is tightened, the slight ‘give’ in the polyethylene cap-lip seals the liquid.
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