5g is a bunch of tiny towers, usually attached to the power poles.
This means instead of the relatively small battery in your phone pushing enough power to a small antenna to reach a fairly distant cell tower, it only needs to reach the small, close by, relay tower.
Then that relay tower can use as much power as it needs, and a bigger antenna, to send that signal on to the main towers.
It also takes place in a different frequency range, which means less interference, but also means the devices must be built to support that range.
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